Iinqwaba zokutshaja ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwezithuthi ezintsha zamandla. Iinqwaba zokutshaja zizixhobo ezenzelwe ukutshaja izithuthi ezintsha zamandla, ezifana nezixhobo zepetroli zeenqwaba zepetroli. Zifakwa kwizakhiwo zikawonke-wonke, kwiindawo zokupaka iimoto, okanye kwiinqwaba zokutshaja kwaye zinokutshaja iimodeli ezahlukeneyo zezithuthi zombane ngokwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yevolthi.
Ngowama-2021, bekukho phantse iinqwaba ezitshaja zikawonke-wonke ezimalunga ne-1.8 yezigidi kwihlabathi liphela, kunye nokukhula konyaka malunga nama-40%, apho malunga nesinye kwisithathu sazo yayiziinqwaba ezitshaja ngokukhawuleza. I-China yeyona marike inkulu yezithuthi ezintsha zamandla kwihlabathi liphela, enabantu abaninzi. Ngoncedo lwemigaqo-nkqubo, i-China iye yaphuhlisa ngokukhutheleyo iziseko zokutshaja. Ke ngoko, uninzi lweenqwaba ezitshaja kwihlabathi liphela zifumaneka e-China, kwaye ngaphezulu kwama-40% azo ziinqwaba ezitshaja ngokukhawuleza, zidlula kakhulu ezinye iindawo. I-Europe ikwindawo yesibini ngokwenani leenqwaba ezitshaja, kunye neenqwaba ezitshaja kancinci ezingaphezu kwama-300,000 kunye neenqwaba ezitshaja ngokukhawuleza eziphantse zibe ngama-50,000 ngo-2021, ukukhula kwe-30% ngonyaka. I-United States ibineenqwaba ezitshaja kancinci ezingama-92,000 ngo-2021, kunye nokukhula okuncinci kwe-12% ngonyaka, okwenza ukuba ibe yimarike ekhula kancinci. Bekukho iinqwaba zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ezingama-22,000 kuphela, apho phantse ama-60% kuzo yayiziinqwaba zeTesla Supercharger.
Ukususela ngo-2015 ukuya ku-2021, iTshayina, iSouth Korea, kunye neNetherlands zazinomlinganiselo ozinzileyo wezithuthi zombane kwiindawo zokutshaja, zineemoto ezingaphantsi kwe-10 kwindawo yokutshaja. Oku kubonisa ukuhanjiswa kweziseko zokutshaja kunye nesantya sokukhula kwezixhobo zezithuthi zombane. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, inani lezithuthi ezintsha zamandla eMelika naseNorway likhule ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunokwanda kweenqwaba zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke. Kumazwe amaninzi, njengoko inani lezithuthi zombane lisanda, umlinganiselo wezithuthi kwiindawo zokutshaja nawo uyakhula. Iinqwaba zokutshaja kulindeleke ukuba zikhule ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo. Ngokutsho kwe-International Energy Agency, ukuze kufezekiswe ukukhula okujoliswe kuko kwezithuthi zombane, iziseko zokutshaja zehlabathi kufuneka zande ngaphezu kwamaxesha ali-12 ngo-2030, kunye neenqwaba zokutshaja ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-22 zezithuthi zombane ezisebenza ngombane ekufuneka zifakwe minyaka le.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-14-2023
