Dukurikije imibare ituruka mu Ishyirahamwe ry’Abakora Imodoka mu Burayi (ACEA), imodoka zigera ku 559.700 zikoresha amashanyarazi zagurishijwe mu bihugu 30 by’i Burayi kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Mata 2023, bivuze ko hiyongereyeho 37% ugereranyije n’umwaka. Ugereranyije, imodoka zagurishijwe muri icyo gihe zari 550.400 gusa, zigabanutseho 0.5% ugereranyije n’umwaka.
Uburayi ni bwo karere ka mbere kavumbuye moteri zikoresha lisansi, kandi umugabane w’Uburayi, wiganjemo ibihugu by’Uburayi bw’Iburengerazuba, wahoraga ari igihugu gishimishije cyo kugurisha imodoka zikoresha lisansi, ari na byo binini cyane mu bwoko bwose bw’imodoka zikoresha lisansi zigurishwa. Muri iki gihugu, kugurisha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi byageze ku gipimo gitandukanye.
Si ubwa mbere imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zigurisha lisansi kurusha izikoresha lisansi mu Burayi. Nk’uko Financial Times ibivuga, kugurisha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu Burayi byarenze lisansi ku nshuro ya mbere mu Ukuboza 2021, kuko abashoferi bakunda guhitamo imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ziterwa inkunga aho guhitamo lisansi zagiye zigaragara mu bibazo by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Amakuru y’isoko yatanzwe n’abasesenguzi icyo gihe yagaragaje ko imodoka zirenga kimwe cya gatanu cy’imodoka nshya zagurishijwe mu masoko 18 y’i Burayi, harimo n’Ubwongereza, zakoreshaga bateri gusa, mu gihe imodoka zikoresha lisansi, harimo n’izikoresha lisansi, zari munsi ya 19% by’ibyagurishijwe byose.
Igurishwa ry’imodoka zitwara lisansi ryagiye rigabanuka buhoro buhoro kuva aho Volkswagen yamenyekaniye ko yakoreye uburiganya ibizamini by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere miliyoni 11 mu 2015. Icyo gihe, ubwoko bwa lisansi bwari burenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’imodoka zagejejwe mu bihugu 18 by’i Burayi byabajijwe.
Kuba abaguzi baratengushye Volkswagen si cyo kintu cy’ingenzi cyagize ingaruka ku isoko ry’imodoka, kandi kugurisha imodoka zikoresha lisansi byakomeje kugira inyungu idasanzwe ugereranije n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu myaka yakurikiyeho. Vuba aha mu 2019, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zagurishijwe mu Burayi zari 360.200 gusa, kimwe cya cumi na gatatu cy’imodoka zikoresha lisansi zagurishijwe.
Ariko, mu 2022, imodoka zitwara lisansi zigera kuri 1.637.800 zagurishijwe mu Burayi naho imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zigera kuri 1.577.100 zagurishijwe, kandi icyuho kiri hagati y’izo modoka zombi cyagabanutse kigera ku modoka zigera ku 60.000.
Izamuka ry’ibiciro by’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi riterwa ahanini n’amabwiriza y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi yo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ndetse n’inkunga ya leta ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu bihugu by’i Burayi. Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi watangaje ko uhagaritse kugurisha imodoka nshya zifite moteri zikoresha lisansi cyangwa lisansi guhera mu 2035 keretse iyo zikoresha "e-fuels" zitangiza ibidukikije.
Amavuta akoreshwa mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga azwi kandi nka lisansi ikoze mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, lisansi idafite karuboni, ibikoresho fatizo ni hydrogen na dioxyde de carbone gusa. Nubwo iyi lisansi ikora umwanda muke mu ikorwa no mu ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ugereranyije na lisansi na lisansi, ikiguzi cyo kuyikora ni kinini, kandi gisaba inkunga nyinshi y'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, kandi iterambere riratinda mu gihe gito.
Igitutu cy’amategeko akaze yatumye inganda zikora imodoka mu Burayi zigurisha imodoka nyinshi zikoresha imyuka ihumanya ikirere, mu gihe politiki n’amabwiriza yo gutanga inkunga byakomeje kwihutisha amahitamo y’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ku baguzi.
Dushobora kwitega ko imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zizamuka cyane cyangwa zigaturika mu gihe cya vuba mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Kubera ko buri modoka ikoresha amashanyarazi igomba gushyushwa mbere yo gukoreshwa, kwiyongera cyane cyangwa guturika ku mashini zikoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa aho zishyurira na byo bishobora kwitezwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-12-2023
